Stem cells - A step towards immortality
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Stem cells are self-renewing primitive cells that can develop into functional, differentiated cells. They have the unique ability to be manipulated by genetic engineering to give rise to specific cell types.
With regard to human immortality, the focus is on human pluripotent stem cells which are unique because they can develop into all cells and tissues in the body. ‘Pluripotent’ is a term that means the cells have the capacity to form into the three types of cellular layers: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. There are two types of hPSCs: human embryonic stem (hES) cells, which are derived from donated in vitro fertilized blastocysts (very early stage embryos); and human embryonic germ (hEG) cells, which are derived from donated fetal material.
The pluripotency of human stem cells created the vast potential for humans to grow cells, tissues and even organs- in a controlled laboratory setting, for use in applications from acute emergency care to treatment of chronic, debilitating disease. The culmination of stem cell research is to achieve a plentiful source of human cells for transplantation.
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